上古天真論
Ancient ideas on How to Preserve Natural Healthy Energy
昔在黃帝生而神靈，弱而能言，幼而徇齊，長而敦敏，成而登天。
【今译】从前的黄帝，生来十分聪明，很小的时候就善于言谈，幼年时对周围事物领会得很快，长大之后，既敦厚又勤勉，及至成年之时，登上了天子之位。
【英译】Huangdi, or Yellow Emperor, was born intelligent. He was eloquent from childhood. He behaved righteously when he was young. In his youth, he was honest, sincere and wise. When growing up, he became the Emperor.
迺問於天師曰：余聞上古之人，春秋皆度百歲，而動作不衰，今時之人，年半百而動作皆衰者，時世異耶？人將失之耶？
【今译】他向歧伯问道：我听说上古时候的人，年龄都能超过百岁，动作不显衰老；现在的人，年龄刚至半百，而动作就都衰弱无力了，这是由于时代不同所造成的呢，还是因为今天的人们不会养生所造成的呢？
【英译】He asked Master Qibo. "I am told that people in ancient times all could live for one hundred years without any signs of senility. But people nowadays begin to become old at the age of fifty. Is it due to the changes of environment or the violation of the way [to preserve health]?"
岐伯對曰：上古之人，其知道者，法於陰陽，和於術數，食飲有節，起居有常，不妄作勞，故能形與神俱，而盡終其天年，度百歲乃去。
【今译】歧伯回答说：上古时代的人，那些懂得养生之道的，能够取法于天地阴阳自然变化之理而加以适应，调和养生的办法，使之达到正确的标准。饮食有所节制，作息有一定规律，既不妄事操劳，又避免过度的房事，所以能够形神俱旺，协调统一，活到天赋的自然年龄，超过百岁才离开人世；
【英译】Qibo answered. "The sages in ancient times who knew the Dao (the tenets for cultivating health) followed [the rules of] Yin and Yang and adjusted Shushu (the ways to cultivate health). [They were] moderate in eating and drinking, regular in working and resting, avoiding any overstrain. That is why [they could maintain a desirable] hannony between the Shen (mind or spirit) and the hody, enjoying good health and a long life.
今時之人不然也，以酒為漿，以妄為常，醉以入房，以欲竭其精，以耗散其真，不知持滿，不時御神，務快其心，逆於生樂，起居無節，故半百而衰也。
【今译】现在的人就不是这样了，把酒当水浆，滥饮无度，使反常的生活成为习惯，醉酒行房，因恣情纵欲，而使阴精竭绝，因满足嗜好而使真气耗散，不知谨慎地保持精气的充满，不善于统驭精神，而专求心志的一时之快，违逆人生乐趣，起居作息，毫无规律，所以到半百之年就衰老了.
【英译】People nowadays, on the contrary. just behave oppositely. [They] drink wine as thin rice gruel. regard wrong as right, and seek sexual pleasure after drinking. [As a result, ] their Jingqi (Essence-Qi) is exhausted and Zhenqi (Genuine-Qi) is wasted. [They] seldom [take measures to] keep an exuberance [of Jingqi] and do not know how to regulate the Shen (mind or spirit), often giving themselves to sensual pleasure. Being irregular in daily life, [they begin to] become old even at the age of fifty.
夫上古聖人之教下也，皆謂之虛邪賊風，避之有時，恬惔虛無，真氣從之，精神內守，病安從來？是以志閒而少欲，心安而不懼，形勞而不倦。氣從以順，各從其欲，皆得所願。故美其食，任其服，樂其俗，高下不相慕，其民故曰朴。是以嗜欲不能勞其目，淫邪不能惑其心，愚智賢不肖不懼於物，故合於道。所以能年皆度百歲而動作不衰者，以其德全不危也。
【今译】古代深懂养生之道的人在教导普通人的时候，总要讲到对虚邪贼风等致病因素，应及时避开，心情要清净安闲，排除杂念妄想，以使真气顺畅，精神守持与内，这样，疾病就无从发生。因此，人们就可以心志安闲，少有欲望，情绪安定而没有焦虑，形体劳作而不使疲倦，真气因而调顺，各人都能随其所欲而满足自己的愿望。人们无论吃什麽食物都觉得甘美，随便穿什麽衣服也都感到满意，大家喜爱自己的风俗习尚，愉快地生活，社会地位无论高低，都不相倾慕，所以这些人称得上朴实无华。因而任何不正当的嗜欲都不会引起他们注目，任何淫乱邪僻的事物也都不能惑乱他们的心志。无论愚笨的，聪明的，能力大的还是能力小的，都不因外界事物的变化而动心焦虑，所以符合养生之道。他们之所以能够年龄超过百岁而动作不显得衰老，正是由于领会和掌握了修身养性的方法而身体不被内外邪气干扰危害所致。
【英译】When the sages in ancient times taught the people. they emphasized [the importance of] avoiding Xuxie (Deficiency-Evil) and Zeifeng (Thief-Wind) III in good time and keep the mind free from avarice. [In this way] Zhenqi in the body will be in harmony, Jingshen (Essence-Spirit) will remain inside, and diseases will have no way to occur. [Therefore people in ancient times all lived] in peace and contentment, without any fear. They worked, but never overstrained themselves. making it smooth for Qi to flow. [They all felt J satisfied with their life and enjoyed their tasty food. natural clothes and naive customs. l They ] did not desire for, high positions and lived simply and naturally. That is why improper addiction and avarice could not distract their eyes and ears. obscenity and fallacy could not tempt their mind. Neither the ignorant nor the intelligent and neither the virtuous nor the unworthy feared anything. [Such a behavior quite] accorded with the Dao (the tenets for cultivating health) . This is the reason why they all lived over one hundred years without any signs of senility. Having followed the tenets of preserving health. [they could enjoy a long life free from diseases].
帝曰：人年老而無子者，材力盡耶？將天數然也？
【今译】黄帝说：人年纪老的时候，不能生育子女，是由于精力衰竭了呢，还是受自然规律的限定呢？
【英译】Huangdi asked, "Old people cannot give birth to any children. Is it due to the exhaustion of Caili (Essence-Qi) or the natural development of the body?"
岐伯曰：女子七歲腎氣盛，齒更髮長；二七而天癸至，任脈通，太衝脈盛，月事以時下，故有子；三七腎氣平均，故真牙生而長極；四七筋骨堅，髮長極，身體盛壯；五七陽明脈衰，面始焦，髮始墮；六七三陽脈衰於上，面皆焦，髮始白；七七任脈虛，太衝脈衰少，天癸竭，地道不通，故形壞而無子也。
【今译】歧伯说：女子到了七岁，肾气盛旺了起来，乳齿更换，头发开始茂盛。十四岁时，天癸产生，任脉通畅，太冲脉旺盛，月经按时来潮，具备了生育子女的能力。二十一岁时，肾气充满，真牙生出，牙齿就长全了。二十八岁时，筋骨强健有力，头发的生长达到最茂盛的阶段，此时身体最为强壮。三十五岁时，阳明经脉气血渐衰弱，面部开始憔悴，头发也开始脱落。四十二岁时，三阳经脉气血衰弱，面部憔悴无华，头发开始变白。四十九岁时，任脉气血虚弱，太冲脉的气血也衰少了，天葵枯竭，月经断绝，所以形体衰老，失去了生育能力。
【英译】Qibo answered, "For a woman, her Shenqi (Kidney-Qi) becomes prosperous and her teeth begin to change at the age of seven. At the age of fourteen. Tiangui 161 begins to appear, Renmai (Conception Vessel) and Chongmai (Thoroughfare Vessel) are vigorous in function. Then she begins to have menstruation and is able to conceive a baby. At the age of twenty-one, as Shenqi ( Kidney-Qi) is in vigor, the wisdom teeth begin to grow and the her body has fully developed. At the age of twenty-eight, her musculature and bone become strong, her hair grows long enough. Her body has reached the summit of development. At the age of thirty-five, Yangming Channel starts to decline, her face begins to wither and her hair starts to lose. At the age of forty-two, as the three Yang Channels are deficient [in both blood and Qi], her countenance becomes wane and her hair begins to turn white. At the age of forty-nine, as both the Renmai (Conception Vessel) and Chongmai (Thoroughfare Vessel) become deficient and menstruation stops, she becomes physically feeble and is no longer able to conceive a baby.
丈夫八歲腎氣實，髮長齒更；二八腎氣盛，天癸至，精氣溢瀉，陰陽和，故能有子；三八腎氣平均，筋力勁強，故真牙生而長極；四八筋骨隆盛，肌肉滿壯；五八腎氣衰，髮墮齒槁；六八陽氣衰竭於上，面焦，髮鬢頒白；七八肝氣衰，筋不能動，天癸竭，精少，腎氣衰，形體皆極；八八則齒髮去。腎者主水，受五臟六腑之精而藏之，故五臟盛乃能瀉。今五臟皆衰，筋骨解墮，天癸盡矣，故髮鬢白，身體重，行步不正而無子耳。
【今译】男子到了八岁，肾气充实起来，头发开始茂盛，乳齿也更换了，十六岁时，肾气旺盛，天癸产生，精气满溢而能外泻，两性交合，就能生育子女。二十四岁时，肾气充满，筋骨强健有力，真牙生长，牙齿长全。三十二岁时，筋骨丰隆盛实，肌肉亦丰满健壮。四十岁时，肾气衰退，头发开始脱落，牙齿开始枯槁。四十八岁时，上部阳气逐渐衰竭，面部憔悴无华，头发和两鬓花白。五十六岁时，肝气衰弱，筋的活动不能灵活自如。六十四岁时，天癸枯竭，精气少，肾脏衰，牙齿头发脱落，形体衰疲。肾主水，接受其他各脏腑的精气而加以贮藏，所以五脏功能都以衰退，筋骨懈惰无力，天癸以竭。所以发鬓都变白，身体沉重，步伐不稳，也不能生育子女了。
【英译】For a man, at the age of eight, his Shenqi (Kidney-Qj) becomes prosperous and his teeth begin to change. At the age of sixteen, as Shenqi (Kidney-Qi) is abundant and Tiangui occurs, he begins to experience spermatic emission. If he has copulated with a woman at this period, he can have a baby. At the age of twenty-four, his Shenqi (Kidney-Qi) is full, his musculature and bone become strong, the wisdom teeth appear and the whole body is fully developed. At the age of thirty-two, his musculature and bones have well developed and are very strong. At the age of forty, as Shenqi (Kidney-Qi) declines, his hair begins to drop and his teeth start to wither. At the age of forty-eight, Yangqi over the upper part of the body collapses, his face starts to wither and his hair begins to turn white. At the age of fifty-six, as Ganqi (Liver-Qi) declines, his musculature becomes inflexible. With the exhaustion of Tiangui and the reduction of Shenqi (Kidney-Qj), his kidney is weakened and his body becomes very weak, his teeth and hair begin to lose. The kidney controls water, it receives and stores Jing (Essence) from Five Zang-Organs and the Six Fu-Organs. Thus only when the Five Zang-Organs and the Six Fu-Organs are vigorous can [the kidney have enough Essence] to discharge. Now the Five Zang-Organs have declined, the bones become weak and the Tiangui is exhausted, his hair turns white and his body becomes clumsy. [As a result, ] he walks with difficulty and is unable to have a baby.
帝曰：有其年已老而有子者，何也？
【今译】黄帝说：有的人年纪已老，仍能生育，是什麽道理呢？
【英译】Huangdi asked, "Some very old people still can bear children. What is the reason?"
岐伯曰：此其天壽過度，氣脈常通，而腎氣有餘也。此雖有子，男不過盡八八，女不過盡七七，而天地之精氣皆竭矣。
【今译】歧伯说：这是他天赋的精力超过常人，气血经脉保持畅通，肾气有余的缘故。这种人虽有生育能力，但男子一般不超过六十四岁，女子一般不超过四十九岁，精气变枯竭了。
【英译】Qibo answered, "This [is due to the fact that their] Tianshou (Life-Span) exceeds [that of the others], their Qi and blood are always smooth in circulation and their Shenqi (Kidney-Qi) is in excess. [Although] these [old people] still can bear children, [they lose such an ability at the age of] sixty-four in men and forty-nine in women. "
帝曰：夫道者年皆百數，能有子乎？
【今译】黄帝说：掌握养生之道的人，年龄都可以达到一百岁左右，还能生育吗？
【英译】Huangdi asked. "Could those who have mastered the Dao (the art of preserving health) have children when they are over one hundred years old?"
岐伯曰：夫道者能卻老而全形，身年雖壽，能生子也。
【今译】歧伯说：掌握养生之道的人，能防止衰老而保全形体，虽然年高，也能生育子女。
【英译】Qibo answered, "Those who have mastered the Dao can enjoy good health and prevent senility. So they still can have children when they are very old ."
黃帝曰：余聞上古有真人者，提挈天地，把握陰陽，呼吸精氣，獨立守神，肌肉若一，故能壽敝天地，無有終時，此其道生。
【今译】我听说上古时代有称为真人的人，掌握了天地阴阳变化的规律，能够调节呼吸，吸收精纯的清气，超然独处，令精神守持于内，锻炼身体，使筋骨肌肉与整个身体达到高度的协调，所以他的寿命同于天地而没有终了的时候，这是他修道养生的结果。
【英译】Huangdi asked. "I am told that there were so-called Zhenrenl (immortal beings) in ancient times [who could] grasp the law of nature. They followed the principles of Yin and Yang, inhaling fresh air, cultivating their spirit and keeping their muscles integrated. So their life expectancy was as long as that of the earth and the heavens. This is their Dao (the art of preserving health) of life.
中古之時，有至人者，淳德全道，和於陰陽，調於四時，去世離俗，積精全神，游行天地之間，視聽八達之外。此蓋益其壽命而強者也，亦歸於真人。
【今译】中古的时候，有称为致人的人，具有醇厚的道德，能全面地掌握养生之道，和调于阴阳四时的变化，离开世俗社会生活的干扰，积蓄精气，集中精神，使其远驰于广阔的天地自然之中，让视觉和听觉的注意力守持于八方之外，这是他延长寿命和强健身体的方法，这种人也可以归属真人的行列。
【英译】In the middle ancient times, there were so-called Zhiren (perfect person) who possessed supreme morality and the tenets of cultivating health, abiding by [the changes of] Yin and Yang, adapting [themselves] to the changes of seasons, abandoning secular desires, avoiding distraction and roaming around on the earth and in the heavens. So they could see and hear [things and voices] beyond the eight directions. Such a practice and self-cultivation enabled them to keep fit and prolong their life. [These people were] similar to the Zhenren (immortal heings).
其次有聖人者，處天地之和，從八風之理，適嗜欲於世俗之間，無恚嗔之心，行不欲離於世，被服章，舉不欲觀於俗，外不勞形於事，內無思想之患，以恬愉為務，以自得為功，形體不敝，精神不散，亦可以百數。
【今译】其次有称为圣人的人，能够安处于天地自然的正常环境之中，顺从八风的活动规律，使自己的嗜欲同世俗社会相应，没有恼怒怨恨之情，行为不离开世俗的一般准则，穿着装饰普通纹采的衣服，举动也没有炫耀于世俗的地方，在外，他不使形体因为事物而劳累，在内，没有任何思想负担，以安静、愉快为目的，以悠然自得为满足，所以他的形体不益衰惫，精神不益耗散，寿命也可达到百岁左右。
【英译】The third kind of people was known as Shengrenl (sages) who were capable of living in a harmonic environment between the earth and the heavens and adapting [themselves] to the wind from the eight different directions. [In daily life they] could properly tackle their interest and desire and [their mind] was free from anger and discontentment. [They ] did not try to draw themselves away from secular customs, and also worn luxurious clothes. But they never followed the behavior of ordinary people. Physically, they tried not to exhaust their body; mentally, they freed themselves from any anxiety, regarding peace and happiness as the target of their life, and taking self-contentment as the symbol of achievement. [As a result, ] their body was seldom susceptible to decline and their spirit was never subject to exhaustion. That was why they could live over one hundred years.
其次有賢人者，法則天地，象似日月辨列星辰，逆從陰陽，分別四時，將從上古，合同與道，亦可使益壽而有極時。
【今译】其次有称为贤人的人，能够依据天地的变化，日月的升降，星辰的位置，以顺从阴阳的消长和适应四时的变迁，追随上古真人，使生活符合养生之道，这样的人也能增益寿命，但有终结的时候。
【英译】The fourth kind of people was known as Xianren (the virtuous people) who abode by the laws of the earth and the heavens, imitated the changes of the sun and the moon, followed the varying order of the stars, adhered to [the changes of] Yin and Yang, differentiated the four seasons, and acted in accordance with the practice of the immortal beings in ancient times. [In this way] they prolonged their life.
从前的黄帝，生来十分聪明，很小的时候就善于言谈，幼年时对周围事物领会得很快，长大之后，既敦厚又勤勉，及至成年之时，登上了天子之位。他向岐伯问道：我听说上古时候的人，年龄都能超过百岁，动作不显衰老；现在的人，年龄刚至半百，而动作就都衰弱无力了，这是由于时代不同所造成的呢，还是因为今天的人们不会养生所造成的呢？
岐伯回答说：上古时代的人，那些懂得养生之道的，能够取法于天地阴阳自然变化之理而加以适应，调和养生的办法，使之达到正确的标准。饮食有所节制，作息有一定规律，既不妄事操劳，又避免过度的房事，所以能够形神俱旺，协调统一，活到天赋的自然年龄，超过百岁才离开人世；现在的人就不是这样了，把酒当水浆，滥饮无度，使反常的生活成为习惯，醉酒行房，因恣情纵欲，而使阴精竭绝，因满足嗜好而使真气耗散，不知谨慎地保持精气的充满，不善于统驭精神，而专求心志的一时之快，违逆人生乐趣，起居作息，毫无规律，所以到半百之年就衰老了.
古代深懂养生之道的人在教导普通人的时候，总要讲到对虚邪贼风等致病因素，应及时避开，心情要清净安闲，排除杂念妄想，以使真气顺畅，精神守持与内，这样，疾病就无从发生。因此，人们就可以心志安闲，少有欲望，情绪安定而没有焦虑，形体劳作而不使疲倦，真气因而调顺，各人都能随其所欲而满足自己的愿望。人们无论吃什麽食物都觉得甘美，随便穿什麽衣服也都感到满意，大家喜爱自己的风俗习尚，愉快地生活，社会地位无论高低，都不相倾慕，所以这些人称得上朴实无华。因而任何不正当的嗜欲都不会引起他们注目，任何淫乱邪僻的事物也都不能惑乱他们的心志。无论愚笨的，聪明的，能力大的还是能力小的，都不因外界事物的变化而动心焦虑，所以符合养生之道。他们之所以能够年龄超过百岁而动作不显得衰老，正是由于领会和掌握了修身养性的方法而身体不被内外邪气干扰危害所致。
黄帝说：人年纪老的时候，不能生育子女，是由于精力衰竭了呢，还是受自然规律的限定呢？
岐伯说：女子到了七岁，肾气盛旺了起来，乳齿更换，头发开始茂盛。十四岁时，天癸产生，任脉通畅，太冲脉旺盛，月经按时来潮，具备了生育子女的能力。二十一岁时，肾气充满，真牙生出，牙齿就长全了。二十八岁时，筋骨强健有力，头发的生长达到最茂盛的阶段，此时身体最为强壮。三十五岁时，阳明经脉气血渐衰弱，面部开始憔悴，头发也开始脱落。四十二岁时，三阳经脉气血衰弱，面部憔悴无华，头发开始变白。四十九岁时，任脉气血虚弱，太冲脉的气血也衰少了，天葵枯竭，月经断绝，所以形体衰老，失去了生育能力。
男子到了八岁，肾气充实起来，头发开始茂盛，乳齿也更换了，十六岁时，肾气旺盛，天癸产生，精气满溢而能外泻，两性交合，就能生育子女。二十四岁时，肾气充满，筋骨强健有力，真牙生长，牙齿长全。三十二岁时，筋骨丰隆盛实，肌肉亦丰满健壮。四十岁时，肾气衰退，头发开始脱落，牙齿开始枯槁。四十八岁时，上部阳气逐渐衰竭，面部憔悴无华，头发和两鬓花白。五十六岁时，肝气衰弱，筋的活动不能灵活自如。六十四岁时，天癸枯竭，精气少，肾脏衰，牙齿头发脱落，形体衰疲。肾主水，接受其他各脏腑的精气而加以贮藏，所以五脏功能都以衰退，筋骨懈惰无力，天癸以竭。所以发鬓都变白，身体沉重，步伐不稳，也不能生育子女了。
黄帝说：有的人年纪已老，仍能生育，是什麽道理呢？
岐伯说：这是他天赋的精力超过常人，气血经脉保持畅通，肾气有余的缘故。这种人虽有生育能力，但男子一般不超过六十四岁，女子一般不超过四十九岁，精气变枯竭了。
黄帝说：掌握养生之道的人，年龄都可以达到一百岁左右，还能生育吗？
岐伯说：掌握养生之道的人，能防止衰老而保全形体，虽然年高，也能生育子女。
我听说上古时代有称为真人的人，掌握了天地阴阳变化的规律，能够调节呼吸，吸收精纯的清气，超然独处，令精神守持于内，锻炼身体，使筋骨肌肉与整个身体达到高度的协调，所以他的寿命同于天地而没有终了的时候，这是他修道养生的结果。
中古的时候，有称为致人的人，具有醇厚的道德，能全面地掌握养生之道，和调于阴阳四时的变化，离开世俗社会生活的干扰，积蓄精气，集中精神，使其远驰于广阔的天地自然之中，让视觉和听觉的注意力守持于八方之外，这是他延长寿命和强健身体的方法，这种人也可以归属真人的行列。
其次有称为圣人的人，能够安处于天地自然的正常环境之中，顺从八风的活动规律，使自己的嗜欲同世俗社会相应，没有恼怒怨恨之情，行为不离开世俗的一般准则，穿着装饰普通纹采的衣服，举动也没有炫耀于世俗的地方，在外，他不使形体因为事物而劳累，在内，没有任何思想负担，以安静、愉快为目的，以悠然自得为满足，所以他的形体不益衰惫，精神不益耗散，寿命也可达到百岁左右。
其次有称为贤人的人，能够依据天地的变化，日月的升降，星辰的位置，以顺从阴阳的消长和适应四时的变迁，追随上古真人，使生活符合养生之道，这样的人也能增益寿命，但有终结的时候。
No comments:
Post a Comment